OPEN RESEARCH EDITIONFramework 1.0Academic Revision 1.2
FRAMEWORK 1.0 / Evidence protocol

Evidence protocol

Evidence must remain traceable from an observation to a source, transformation, claim, model, and review record.

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01

Evidence levels

01

E0 · Assertion

A stated idea without inspectable support.

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E1 · Traceable source

A source with author, date, location, method, license, and stable identifier.

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E2 · Coded observation

Source converted through a declared coding or measurement rule with uncertainty.

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E3 · Convergent evidence

Multiple independent sources or methods support the same bounded claim.

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E4 · Replicated result

Independent teams reproduce the result or explain bounded disagreement.

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E5 · Prospective evidence

A preregistered model performs on unseen future data with harms evaluated.

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Minimum provenance fields

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Identity

Stable source ID, claim ID, evidence ID, model ID, review ID, and version.

02

Origin

Author or collector, institution, date, geography, population, acquisition method, and custody.

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Rights

License, consent, access condition, privacy class, retention, deletion, and derivative-use limits.

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Transformation

Extraction, coding, cleaning, normalization, imputation, aggregation, dimensional reduction, and software version.

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Quality

Coverage, missingness, uncertainty, bias, source dependence, translation, and known anomalies.

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Relationship

Supports, contradicts, qualifies, uses, tests, reviews, supersedes, corrects, or disputes.

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Conflict and correction

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Record conflict

Preserve supporting and opposing evidence; do not collapse disagreement into one score.

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Separate source and interpretation

A reliable source may still be coded incorrectly; a disputed source may contain inspectable observations.

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Version corrections

Corrections create a new version linked to the superseded record; the old version remains auditable.

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Protect sensitive evidence

Traceability does not require public exposure of personal, restricted, or high-risk data.